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American Mutual Funds

American Mutual Funds are one of the most popular investment vehicles in the United States.

A Mutual Fund is an investment instrument consisting a pool of funds, which is collected from a large number of investors, and they are invested in securities like bonds, stocks, money market securities, and other similar assets. A Mutual Fund is operated by a Fund Manager or Investment Manager. He invests the capital of the fund and tries to obtain earnings and capital gains for the investors of the fund. The portfolio of a Mutual Fund is built and sustained for matching the objectives of investment, which has been mentioned in the prospectus.

Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, a Mutual Fund is legally termed as an “open-end company”. A Mutual Fund is one of the three primary investment company types in the United States. Canada also follows the U.S. System.

The Massachussetts Investors Trust was incorporated in 1924. The growth of Mutual Funds was hindered by the Stock Market Crash in 1929. The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were passed by the U.S. Congress after the Stock Market Crash. These laws mention that a fund has to be registered with the SEC or Securities and Exchange Commission, and prospective investors should be provided with a prospectus that will have information regarding the fund, the fund manager, and the securities. The SEC facilitated the drafting of the Investment Company Act of 1940, which describes the guidelines to which every SEC-registered fund should comply today. After this, the Mutual Funds started to prosper with rejuvenated confidence in the share market.

The First Index Investment Trust was incorporated in 1976, which is the first retail index fund. The name has transformed into the Vanguard 500 Index Fund and it is one of the biggest Mutual Funds in the U.S.

The Individual Retirement Account (IRA) provisions were combined with Internal Revenue Code in 1975, which contributed a large extent towards the growth of Mutual Funds. The employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans in which Mutual Funds are popular include IRAs, Roth IRAs, and (401(k)s).

The National Association of Investment Companies in the United States is called the Investment Company Institute (ICI). Under this, there were 8,606 Mutual Funds in April 2006.

Some of the leading Mutual Fund Families in the U.S. are the following:
  • Allianz
  • Barclays Global Investors
  • Credit Suisse
  • Franklin Templeton
  • Goldman Sachs
  • MetLife (CitiStreet)
  • Morgan Stanley
  • Oppenheimer
  • TIAA-CREF
  • Wells Fargo Advantage
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